{"id":1573,"date":"2020-02-28T12:07:58","date_gmt":"2020-02-28T12:07:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.milq.info\/?page_id=1573"},"modified":"2026-07-13T11:05:58","modified_gmt":"2026-07-13T09:05:58","slug":"milq-und-die-wesenszuege-der-quantenphysik","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.milq.info\/en\/milq-und-die-wesenszuege-der-quantenphysik\/","title":{"rendered":"Introduction"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"bsf_rt_marker\"><\/div>\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The milq course focuses on conceptual questions with a minimum of formulas. It is based on a modern, pragmatic interpretation of quantum mechanics which has emerged since the 1990s together with the experimental ability to perform experiments on single quantum objects. The aim is a conceptually clear formulation of quantum physics.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Proper language plays a central role when speaking about quantum phenomena. In order to provide students with a linguistic tool they can use in discussions and reasoning, we formulated four &#8220;Basic Rules&#8221; (or \u201cReasoning Tools\u201d) of quantum physics. They help to enable qualitative discussions of quantum physics, allow students to predict quantum mechanical effects qualitatively and help to avoid learning difficulties. They form a \u201cbeginners\u2019 axiomatic system\u201d for quantum mechanics.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li><strong>Rule 1 &#8211; Statistical behavior<\/strong>: A result of a single event cannot be predicted, it is random! Only statistical predictions (for many repetitions) are possible in quantum physics.<\/li>\r\n<li><strong>Rule 2 &#8211; Ability to interfere<\/strong>: A single quantum object can contribute to an interference pattern, if there is more than one classically possible path leading to the same experimental result. None of these paths is then \u201crealized\u201d in the classical sense.<\/li>\r\n<li><strong>Rule 3 &#8211; Definite measurement results<\/strong>: Although a quantum object does not have a fixed value of the measured quantity, you always obtain a definite measurement result. Repeating the same measurement may give a different result, though.<\/li>\r\n<li><strong>Rule 4 &#8211; Complementarity<\/strong>: \u201cWhich-way\u201d information and information about an interference pattern are mutually exclusive. A quantum object cannot be prepared with a definite position and a definite momentum at the same time.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.milq.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/milq-GIREP-2019.pdf\">Download a presentation on milq and the reasoning tools (GIREP2019)<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<!-- <p>We hope you will enjoy working with the reasoning tools. Now have a look at the milq course which is presented on the following pages.<\/p>\r\n<p>Rainer M\u00fcller<br \/>Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig, Germany<\/p>\r\n-->\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The milq course focuses on conceptual questions with a minimum of formulas. It is based on a modern, pragmatic interpretation of quantum mechanics which has emerged since the 1990s together with the experimental ability to perform experiments on single quantum objects. The aim is a conceptually clear formulation of quantum physics. Proper language plays a&hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.milq.info\/en\/milq-und-die-wesenszuege-der-quantenphysik\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Introduction<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1573","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","without-featured-image"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Introduction - milq<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.milq.info\/en\/milq-und-die-wesenszuege-der-quantenphysik\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Introduction - milq\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The milq course focuses on conceptual questions with a minimum of formulas. It is based on a modern, pragmatic interpretation of quantum mechanics which has emerged since the 1990s together with the experimental ability to perform experiments on single quantum objects. The aim is a conceptually clear formulation of quantum physics. Proper language plays a&hellip; Continue reading Introduction\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.milq.info\/en\/milq-und-die-wesenszuege-der-quantenphysik\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"milq\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-07-13T09:05:58+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.milq.info\\\/en\\\/milq-und-die-wesenszuege-der-quantenphysik\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.milq.info\\\/en\\\/milq-und-die-wesenszuege-der-quantenphysik\\\/\",\"name\":\"Introduction - milq\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.milq.info\\\/en\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2020-02-28T12:07:58+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-07-13T09:05:58+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.milq.info\\\/en\\\/milq-und-die-wesenszuege-der-quantenphysik\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.milq.info\\\/en\\\/milq-und-die-wesenszuege-der-quantenphysik\\\/\"]]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.milq.info\\\/en\\\/milq-und-die-wesenszuege-der-quantenphysik\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Startseite\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.milq.info\\\/en\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"milq und die Wesensz\u00fcge der Quantenphysik\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.milq.info\\\/en\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.milq.info\\\/en\\\/\",\"name\":\"milq\",\"description\":\"Quantenphysik in der Schule\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.milq.info\\\/en\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Introduction - milq","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.milq.info\/en\/milq-und-die-wesenszuege-der-quantenphysik\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Introduction - milq","og_description":"The milq course focuses on conceptual questions with a minimum of formulas. It is based on a modern, pragmatic interpretation of quantum mechanics which has emerged since the 1990s together with the experimental ability to perform experiments on single quantum objects. The aim is a conceptually clear formulation of quantum physics. Proper language plays a&hellip; Continue reading Introduction","og_url":"https:\/\/www.milq.info\/en\/milq-und-die-wesenszuege-der-quantenphysik\/","og_site_name":"milq","article_modified_time":"2026-07-13T09:05:58+00:00","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.milq.info\/en\/milq-und-die-wesenszuege-der-quantenphysik\/","url":"https:\/\/www.milq.info\/en\/milq-und-die-wesenszuege-der-quantenphysik\/","name":"Introduction - milq","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.milq.info\/en\/#website"},"datePublished":"2020-02-28T12:07:58+00:00","dateModified":"2026-07-13T09:05:58+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.milq.info\/en\/milq-und-die-wesenszuege-der-quantenphysik\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":[["https:\/\/www.milq.info\/en\/milq-und-die-wesenszuege-der-quantenphysik\/"]]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.milq.info\/en\/milq-und-die-wesenszuege-der-quantenphysik\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Startseite","item":"https:\/\/www.milq.info\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"milq und die Wesensz\u00fcge der Quantenphysik"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.milq.info\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.milq.info\/en\/","name":"milq","description":"Quantenphysik in der Schule","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.milq.info\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.milq.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1573","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.milq.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.milq.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.milq.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.milq.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1573"}],"version-history":[{"count":27,"href":"https:\/\/www.milq.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1573\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2759,"href":"https:\/\/www.milq.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1573\/revisions\/2759"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.milq.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1573"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}